儒家: 《禮記》 – 《學記》 (公元前475年 – 公元前221年)
“Record on the subject of education“ (475-221 BC) English translation by James Legge
《學記》6 :
大學之教也時，教必有正業，退息必有居。學，不學操縵，不能安弦；不學博依，不能安《詩》；不學雜服，不能安禮；不興其藝，不能樂學。故君子之於學也，藏焉，修焉，息焉，游焉。夫然，故安其學而親其師，樂其友而信其道。是以雖離師輔而不反也。《兌命》曰：「敬孫務時敏，厥修乃來。」其此之謂乎！
In the system of teaching at the Great college, every season had its appropriate subject; and when the pupils withdrew, and gave up their lessons (for the day), they were required to continue their study at home. If a student do not learn (at college) to play in tune, he cannot quietly enjoy his lutes; if he do not learn extensively the figures of poetry, he cannot quietly enjoy the odes; if he do not learn the varieties of dress, he cannot quietly take part in the different ceremonies; if he do not acquire the various accomplishments, he cannot take delight in learning. Therefore a student of talents and virtue pursues his studies, withdrawn in college from all besides, and devoted to their cultivation, or occupied with them when retired from it, and enjoying himself. Having attained to this, he rests quietly in his studies and seeks the company of his teachers; he finds pleasure in his friends, and has all confidence in their course. Although he should be separated from his teachers and helpers, he will not act contrary to the course; as it is said in the Charge to Yueh, ‘Maintain a reverent humility, and strive to be constantly earnest. In such a case the cultivation will surely come.’
【白话解】大學施教是講究方法的，是順著時序而教的，如春秋教禮樂，冬夏教詩書，所教授的都有正常的科目，學生下課及放假的時候，也都有指定的研究課業。（宋人斷句改為：「大學之教也，時教必有正業，退息必有居學。」句讀略有不同。）學習要有方法，如果不從「操、縵」這些小曲學起，指法不純熟，琴、瑟就彈不好；不從通曉鳥獸草木，天時人事學會譬喻，詩就作不好；不學會灑掃應對，禮節就行不恰當，對於六藝等技藝沒有興致，就提不起學習的興趣。所以君子在學習方面，要藏之於心，表現在外，不論休息或游樂的時候，都念念不忘，能夠這樣，才能安於學習，親近師長；與同學相處融洽而且信奉自己所學的真理。能夠這樣雖然離開了同學師長，也不會背棄道義。《尚書·兌命篇》說：恭敬謙遜，努力不倦，如此修行便能成功。就是這個意思。
【原文】大学之教也，时教必有正业，退息必有居学。不学操缦，不能安弦；不学博依，不能安诗；不学杂服，不能安礼。不兴其艺，不能乐学。故君子之于学也，藏焉修焉，息焉游焉。夫然，故安其学而亲其师，乐其友而信其道，是以虽离师辅而不反也。《兑命》曰 “敬孙务时敏，厥修乃来”，其此之谓乎！
【翻譯】大学的教育活动，按时令进行，各有正式课业；休息的时候，也有课外作业。课外不学杂乐，课内就不可能把琴弹好；课外不学习音律，课内就不能学好诗文；课外不学好洒扫应对的知识，课内就学不好礼仪。可见，不学习各种杂艺，就不可能乐于对待所学的正课。所以，君子对待学习，课内受业要学好正课；在家休息，要学好各种杂艺。唯其这样，才能安心学习，亲近师长，乐于与群众交朋友，并深信所学之道，尽管离开师长辅导，也不会违背所学的道理。《兑命》篇中说 “只有专心致志谦逊恭敬，时时刻刻敏捷地求学，在学业上就能有所成就”，就是说的这个道理啊！